Results: All cognitive scores, except
vocabulary, declined in all five age categories (age 45-49, 50-54, 55-59,
60-64, and 65-70 at baseline), with evidence of faster decline in older people.
In men, the 10 year decline, shown as change/range of test×100, in reasoning
was −3.6% (95% confidence interval −4.1% to −3.0%) in those aged 45-49 at
baseline and −9.6% (−10.6% to −8.6%) in those aged 65-70. In women, the
corresponding decline was −3.6% (−4.6% to −2.7%) and −7.4% (−9.1% to −5.7%).
Comparisons of longitudinal and cross sectional effects of age suggest that the
latter overestimate decline in women because of cohort differences in
education. For example, in women aged 45-49 the longitudinal analysis showed
reasoning to have declined by −3.6% (−4.5% to −2.8%) but the cross sectional effects
suggested a decline of −11.4% (−14.0% to −8.9%).
Conclusions: Cognitive decline is already
evident in middle age (age 45-49).
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Singh-Manoux,
A., Kivimaki, M., Glymour, M., Elbaz, A., Berr, C., Ebmeier, K., Ferrie, J.,
& Dugravot, A. (2012). Timing of onset of cognitive decline: results from
Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ, 344. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d762
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